A domestic worker is a person who works within the scope of a residence. The term "domestic service" applies to the equivalent occupational category. In traditional English contexts, such a person was said to be "in service". Domestic workers perform a variety of household services for an individual(s), from providing cleaning and household maintenance, or cooking, laundry and ironing, or care Browse our listings to find jobs in Germany for expats, including jobs for English speakers or those in your native language Browse our listings to find jobs in Germany for expats, including jobs for English speakers or those in your native language
Domestic worker - Wikipedia
A domestic worker is a person who works within the scope of a residence. The term "domestic service" applies to the equivalent occupational category. In traditional English contexts, such a person was said to be "in service". Such work has always needed to be done but before the Industrial Revolution and the advent of labour saving devices, it masters thesis on immigrant illiteracy physically much harder. Nowadays, and in the past, masters thesis on immigrant illiteracy has been considered work for the less intelligent.
Some domestic workers live within their employer's household. In some cases, the contribution and skill of servants whose work encompassed complex management tasks in large households have been highly valued. However, for the most part, domestic work tends to be demanding and is commonly considered to be undervalued, masters thesis on immigrant illiteracy, despite often being necessary.
Although legislation protecting domestic workers is in place in many countries, it is often not extensively enforced. In many jurisdictions, domestic work is poorly regulated and domestic workers are subject to serious abuses, including slavery. Servant is an older English word for "domestic worker", though not all servants worked inside the home.
Domestic service, or the employment of people for wages in their employer's residence, was sometimes simply called "service" and has often been part of a hierarchical system.
In Britain a highly developed system of domestic service peaked towards the close of the Victorian eraperhaps reaching its most complicated and rigidly structured state masters thesis on immigrant illiteracy the Edwardian period a period known in the United States as the Gilded Age and in France as the Belle Époquemasters thesis on immigrant illiteracy, which reflected the limited social mobility before World War I.
Other terms include domestic helperdomestic servantmanservant or menial. In Guatemalait is estimated that eight percent of all women work as domestic workers. They hardly have any legal protection. According to Guatemalan labor law, domestic work is "subject neither to a working time statute nor to regulations on the maximum number of working hours in a day".
But very often, these minimal employment laws are disregarded, masters thesis on immigrant illiteracy, and so are basic civil liberties. In Brazildomestic workers must be hired under a registered contract and have many of the rights of any other workers, which includes a minimum wageremunerated vacations and a remunerated weekly day off.
It is not uncommon, however, for employers to hire servants illegally and fail to offer a masters thesis on immigrant illiteracy contract. Since domestic staff predominantly come from disadvantaged groups with less access to education, they are often vulnerable and uninformed of their rights, especially in rural areas. Nevertheless, domestics employed without a proper contract can successfully sue their employers and be compensated for abuse committed, masters thesis on immigrant illiteracy.
It is common in Brazil for domestic staff, including childcare staff, to be required to wear uniforms, while this requirement has fallen out of use in other countries. In the United Statesdomestic workers are generally excluded from many of the legal protections afforded to other classes of worker, including the provisions of the National Labor Relations Masters thesis on immigrant illiteracy. Traditionally domestic workers have mostly been women and are likely to be immigrants, masters thesis on immigrant illiteracy.
Domestic workers are also excluded from vacation time, sick time, and overtime, and only thirteen percent of domestic workers get health insurance provided by their employers. A report from the National Domestic Workers Alliance and affiliated groups found that nearly a quarter of nannies, caregivers, masters thesis on immigrant illiteracy, and home health workers make less than the minimum wage in the states in which they work, and nearly half — 48 percent — are paid less than needed to adequately support a family.
However, masters thesis on immigrant illiteracy domestic workers work in the home, their struggles are hidden in the home and out of the public spotlight. Nowadays with an increase of power, the domestic workers' community has formed many organizations, such as the National Domestic Workers Alliance, Domestic Workers United, and The South African Domestic Service and Allied Workers Union.
The domestic work industry is dominated throughout the world by women. Within the domestic work industry, the much smaller proportion of jobs that is occupied by men are not the same jobs that are masters thesis on immigrant illiteracy occupied by women. While the domestic work industry was once believed to be an industry that belonged to a past type of society and did not belong in a modern world, trends are showing that although elements of the domestic work industry have been changing the masters thesis on immigrant illiteracy itself has shown no signs of fading away, but only signs of transformation.
One of these causes is that with more women taking up full-time jobs, a dually employed household with children places a heavy burden on parents. It is argued however that this burden wouldn't result in the demand for outside domestic work if men and women were providing equal levels of effort in domestic work and child-rearing within their own home.
The demand for domestic workers has also become primarily fulfilled by migrant domestic workers from other countries who flock to wealthier nations to fulfill the demand for help at home.
The so-called "servant problem" in such countries as the United Kingdom, the United States and Canada was the problem that middle-class families had with cleaning, cooking, and especially entertaining at the level that was socially expected. It was too much work for any one person to do herself, but middle-class families, unlike wealthy families, could not afford to pay the wages necessary to attract and retain skilled household employees.
The United Kingdom's Master and Servant Act was the first of its kind; the terms referred generally to employers and employees. The Act influenced the creation of domestic service laws in other nations, although legislation tended to favour employers. However, masters thesis on immigrant illiteracy the passing of such Acts servants, and workers in general, had no protection in law.
The only real advantage that domestic service provided was the provision of meals, accommodation, and sometimes clothes, in addition to a modest wage. Service was normally an apprentice system with room for advancement through the ranks. The conditions faced by domestic workers have varied considerably throughout masters thesis on immigrant illiteracy and in the contemporary world.
In the course of twentieth-century movements for labour rightswomen's rights and immigrant rights, the conditions faced by domestic workers and the problems specific to their class of employment have come to the fore.
Inthe International Labour Organization adopted the Convention Concerning Decent Work for Domestic Workers. Previously, at its st Session Marchthe International Labour Organization ILO Governing Body agreed to place an item on decent work for domestic workers on the agenda of the 99th Session of the International Labour Conference with a view to the setting of labour standards.
The Convention recognized domestic workers as workers with the same rights as other workers, masters thesis on immigrant illiteracy. On 26 AprilUruguay was the first country to ratify the convention. Many domestic workers are live-in domestics, masters thesis on immigrant illiteracy. Though they often have their own quarters, their accommodations are not usually as comfortable as those reserved for masters thesis on immigrant illiteracy family members.
In some cases, they sleep in the kitchen or small rooms, such as a box room masters thesis on immigrant illiteracy, sometimes located in the basement or attic. Domestic workers may live in their own home, masters thesis on immigrant illiteracy more often they are "live-in" domestics, meaning that they receive their room and board as part of their salaries. In some countries, because of the large gap between urban and rural incomes, and the lack of employment opportunities in the countryside, even an ordinary middle class urban family can afford to employ a full-time live-in servant.
The majority of domestic workers in ChinaMexicoIndiaand other populous developing countries, are people from the rural areas who are employed by urban families. Employers may require their domestic masters thesis on immigrant illiteracy to wear a uniformlivery or other "domestic workers' clothes" when in their employers' residence.
The uniform is usually simple, though aristocratic employers sometimes provided elaborate decorative liveries, especially for use on formal occasions. Female servants wore long, plain, dark-coloured dresses or black skirts with white belts and white blousesand black shoes, and male servants and butlers would wear something from a simple suitor a white dress shirtoften with tieand knickers.
In traditional portrayals, the attire of domestic workers especially was typically more formal and conservative than that of those whom they serve.
For example, in films of the early 20th century, a butler might appear in a tailcoat, masters thesis on immigrant illiteracy, while male family members and guests appeared in lounge suits or sports jackets and trousers depending on the occasion.
In later portrayals, the employer and guests might wear casual slacks or even jeans, while a male domestic worker wore a jacket and tie or a white dress shirt with black trousers, necktie or bowtie, maybe even waistcoat, or a female domestic worker either a blouse and skirt or trousers or a uniform.
On 30 MarchPeru adopted a law banning employers from requiring domestic workers to wear a uniform at public places. However, it's not explained which punishments will be given to employers violating the law. More girls under 16 work as domestic workers than any other category of child labor. Such children are very vulnerable to exploitation: often they are not allowed to take breaks or are required to work long hours; many suffer from a lack of access to education, which can contribute to social isolation and a lack of future opportunity.
UNICEF considers domestic work to be among the lowest status, and reports that most child domestic workers are live-in workers and are under the round-the-clock control of their employers. Children face a number of risks that are common in domestic work service. The International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour identified that these risks include: long and tiring working days; use of toxic chemicals; carrying heavy loads; handling dangerous items such as knives, axes and hot pans; insufficient or inadequate food and accommodation, and humiliating or degrading treatment including physical and verbal violence, and sexual abuse.
As women currently dominate the domestic labor market throughout the world, they have learned to navigate the system of domestic work both in their own countries and abroad in order to maximize the benefits of entering the domestic labor market.
Among the disadvantages of working as a domestic worker is the fact that women working in this sector are working in an area often regarded as a private sphere.
Additionally, domestic laborers face other disadvantages. Their isolation is increased by their invisibility in the masters thesis on immigrant illiteracy sphere and the repetitive, intangible nature of their work decreases its value, making the workers themselves more dispensable.
Live-in nannies for example may sacrifice much of their own independence and sometimes become increasingly isolated when they live with a family of which they are not part and away from their own. While working in a dominantly female privatized world can prove disadvantageous for domestic workers, many women have learned how to help one other move upward economically.
Women find that informal networks of friends and families are among the most successful and commonly used means of finding and securing jobs. Without the security of legal protection, many women who work without the requisite identity or citizenship papers are vulnerable to abuse. Some have to perform tasks considered degrading showing a manifestation of employer power over worker powerlessness.
Employing domestic work from foreign countries can perpetuate the idea that domestic or service work is reserved for other social or racial groups and plays into the stereotype that it is work for inferior groups of people.
Gaining employment in the domestic labor market can prove to be difficult for immigrant women. Many subcontract their services to more established women workers, creating an important apprenticeship type of learning experience that can produce better, more independent opportunities in the future.
Once established they have the option of accepting jobs from multiple employers increasing their income and their experience and most importantly their ability to negotiate prices with their employers. In 19th- and early 20th-century England the close supervision exercised by mistresses over their servants including the rule "No followers", "followers" being any men whom the servant might wish to meet when she was not working was a great disadvantage.
This policy was justified by the low esteem in which servants were held; therefore men they associated with were likely to include some with criminal tendencies. The servant and writer Margaret Powell expressed the view that "follower" was a degrading term; the only way the two could meet was by the servant getting out to the road with an excuse such as needing to post a letter.
Domestic helpers in Canada, mainly from the Philippines, work in Canada, masters thesis on immigrant illiteracy, including under the Live-In Caregiver program.
In his Tableau de Paris Louis-Sébastien Mercier describes the characteristics of the manservants lackeys of pre-revolutionary Paris. A tax-farmer's household consists of 24 servants in livery, besides scullions, kitchen maids and six lady's maids. Some lackeys would adopt the manners of their masters and affect a similar mode of dress. Domestic helpers DHs, foreign domestic workers, FDWs from certain other countries, especially the Philippines and Indonesia, work in Hong Kong on specific visas that exempt employers from many obligations received by other workers, and receive a lower minimum salary.
Approximately five percent of Hong Kong's population are FDWs, about During the covid epidemic, all foreign domestic workers in Hong Kong have to be vaccinated before their contracts can be renewed, the government announced as it ordered them to undergo mandatory Covid testing on 9th May [45]. On December 14, the Government of Viet Nam issued Decree No.
Including detailed provisions and guidance for the implementation of Clause 2, Article [47] of the Labor Code regarding domestic worker labor.
This Decree details and guides the implementation of a number of contents on labor conditions and labor relations in accordance with the following articles and clauses of the Labor Code: Labor management; Labor contract; Labor outsourcing; Organize dialogue and implement grassroots democracy at work; Salary; Working time, rest time; Labor discipline, material responsibility; Insurance for the domestic worker; [48] Female labor and gender equality; Labor is the housekeeper; Settlement of labor disputes.
In Kenya, domestic workers — nearly all female — are known as 'housegirls', masters thesis on immigrant illiteracy. Often from poor villages in neighbouring Ugandagirls are open to exploitation, and there are calls for stronger legal protection. This practice has eventually influenced the architecture of some houses or apartment condos where it has become a norm to section a room where domestic maidservants sleep as their personal room, usually near the kitchen or laundry area.
Some wealthy families also section off an area or house where all the maidservants sleep or a part of the kitchen where they eat separate from the master's table. There are also employment agencies and special government laws regarding the regulation of domestic worker employment, such as the "Domestic Workers Act" or "Batas Kasambahay" in Republic Act No Many live underpaid since many are informally hired or salaries are not declared truthfully to government offices or have an agreement instead to pay through other means, such as paying for their education, pension, or to send money back to their families.
Techniques for Improving Health Literacy Among Low-Income and Immigrant Populations
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Browse our listings to find jobs in Germany for expats, including jobs for English speakers or those in your native language A domestic worker is a person who works within the scope of a residence. The term "domestic service" applies to the equivalent occupational category. In traditional English contexts, such a person was said to be "in service". Domestic workers perform a variety of household services for an individual(s), from providing cleaning and household maintenance, or cooking, laundry and ironing, or care We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow blogger.com more
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